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Something in the Air: Airborne
Allergens
Animal Allergy
Household pets are the most common source of allergic reactions
to animals. Many people think that pet allergy is provoked by
the fur of cats and dogs. But researchers have found that the
major allergens are proteins secreted by oil glands in the animals'
skin and shed in dander as well as proteins in the saliva, which
sticks to the fur when the animal licks itself. Urine is also
a source of allergy-causing proteins. When the substance carrying
the proteins dries, the proteins can then float into the air.
Cats may be more likely than dogs to cause allergic reactions
because they lick themselves more and may be held more and spend
more time in the house, close to humans.
Some rodents, such as guinea pigs and gerbils, have become
increasingly popular as household pets. They, too, can cause
allergic reactions in some people, as can mice and rats. Urine
is the major source of allergens from these animals.
Allergies to animals can take two years or more to develop
and may not subside until six months or more after ending contact
with the animal. Carpet and furniture are a reservoir for pet
allergens, and the allergens can remain in them for four to
six weeks. In addition, these allergens can stay in household
air for months after the animal has been removed. Therefore,
it is wise for people with an animal allergy to check with the
landlord or previous owner to find out if furry pets had lived
previously on the premises.
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